Povzetek: Kazenskopravna teorija se je dolgo izogibala ureditvi kazenske odgovornosti pravnih oseb. Te naj namreč ne bi bile sposobne oblikovati lastne volje in občutka krivde, zaradi česar naj kazenskopravna represija ne bi bila upravičena. A vendar je danes vpliv, ki ga imajo pravne osebe na naše življenje, preprosto prevelik, da bi si kazensko pravo lahko privoščilo popolno ignoriranje pravnih oseb in da bi še vedno sledilo načelu societas delinquere non potest. Kazensko pravo ima torej zahtevno nalogo, da povsem jasno določi temelje odgovornosti pravnih oseb in fizičnih oseb, ki delujejo v imenu, na račun ali v korist pravnih oseb. Kazenski zakonik je podrobno ureditev teh temeljev prepustil Zakonu o odgovornosti pravnih oseb za kazniva dejanja, kar je edina izjema od koncepta enotnosti Kazenskega zakonika v našem pravnem sistemu. Poleg obravnave odnosov med temeljnim in stranskim zakonom se v prispevku ukvarjamo tudi z aktualnimi dilemami pravne teorije in sodne prakse. Te so predvsem, kako je razumljen koncept krivde pri odgovornosti pravne osebe, kako obravnavati prispevke vodstvenih in nadzornih organov ter delavcev pravne osebe h kaznivemu dejanju in kakšna je usoda sporazuma o priznanju krivde v primeru, ko priznanje kaznivega dejanja poda pravna oseba.
Ključne besede: odgovornost pravne osebe, kaznivo dejanje, krivda, vodstveni organi, nadzorni organi, sporazum o priznanju krivde
Title: Liability of Legal Persons for Criminal Offences - Legislation and Current Dilemmas
Abstract: Criminal law theory has been avoiding the regulation of criminal liability of legal persons for a long time. Legal persons are not capable of forming their own will and sense of guilt, which would justify criminal repression. And yet, today, the influence that legal persons have on our lives is simply too great that criminal law could afford to ignore legal persons altogether and still follow the principle of societas delinquere non potest. Criminal law therefore has a difficult task of carefully and clearly defining the basis of liability of legal persons and natural persons acting on behalf of or for the benefit of legal persons. The Criminal Code left the detailed regulation of these grounds to the Liability of Legal Persons for Criminal Offences Act, which is the only exception to the concept of the unity of the Criminal Code in Slovenian legal system. In addition to discussing the relationship between these two acts, the paper also examines current dilemmas of legal theory and case law. These are, in particular, how the concept of guilt regarding the responsibility of a legal person is understood, how the contributions of management, supervisory bodies, and employees of a legal person to a crime are dealt with, and how to define a plea bargain agreement when the one confessing to a crime is a legal person.
Keywords: liability of a legal person, criminal offence, guilt, governing bodies, supervisory authorities, plea agreement
