Povzetek: Predlog Zakona o spremembah in dopolnitvah Zakona o pokojninskem in invalidskem zavarovanju je bil po obravnavi na Ekonomsko-socialnem svetu (ESS) julija 2019 in po zaključku dela pogajalske skupine, 16. julija 2019 dan v javno obravnavo. Predlagane spremembe prinašajo prilagoditev sistema in ne pomenijo reforme, ki jo bo v naslednjih letih treba izvesti za zagotovitev dolgoročne vzdržnosti pokojninske blagajne in istočasno zagotavljanje dostojnih oziroma dostojnejših pokojnin. Bistvene so novosti na področju odmernega odstotka, kjer naj bi se postopno izenačila spola, kar je vsekakor pozitivna rešitev, glede katere se je pogajalska skupina hitro poenotila. In sicer bo odmerni odstotek za 40 let pokojninske dobe 63,5. Višina odmernega odstotka bo pozitivno vplivala na višino vseh vrst pokojnin (starostne, predčasne, invalidske, vdovske, družinske, delne), nadomestil iz invalidskega zavarovanja in dela vdovske pokojnine, kar se vsekakor ujema s ciljem zagotavljanja dostojnejših pokojnin. Zelo pomembna je tudi določitev višjega odmernega odstotka za 15 let zavarovalne dobe; danes je pri 26 odstotkih za moške oziroma 29 odstotkih za ženske, postopno pa se bo za oboje zvišal na 29,5 odstotka. Pomembna novost je tudi dodatni odmerni odstotek za otroke, in sicer za največ tri, ter tudi znižanje ugodnejšega vrednotenja pokojninske dobe brez dokupa s sedanjih 4 odstotkov na 3 za eno leto dodatne pokojninske dobe brez dokupa in uvedba te ugodnosti tudi ob ponovni vključitvi v obvezno zavarovanje. V zvezi z dvojnim statusom je bil sprejet do neke mere kompromisen predlog, ki bi osebam, ki bodo izpolnile pogoje za starostno pokojnino, omogočil, da bi jim namesto sedanjih 20 izplačevali 40 odstotkov pokojnine, kar pa bi bilo omejeno na največ tri leta. Vendar je pred sprejemom drugačne ureditve dvojnega statusa treba proučiti čim več dejavnikov, ki nanj vplivajo. Postopno podaljšanje starosti za najmanj 15 let zavarovalne dobe s 65 na 67 let v predlog sprememb ni vključeno, o tem bo tekla razprava v okviru celovite reforme.
Ključne besede: predlog sprememb, odmerni odstotek, dodatni odmerni odstotek za otroke, dvojni status, pokojninska doba brez dokupa
Title: Current Issues Related to the Dual Status and Other Proposed Amendments to Pension and Disability Insurance Act (ZPIZ-2) in the Field of Compulsory Insurance
Abstract: Following an Economic and Social Council (ESC) discussion in July 2019 and the conclusion of the negotiating group''s work, a public hearing on the Act Amending the Pension and Disability Insurance Act was called for 16 July 2019. The proposed amendments represent adjustments to the system, rather than a reform thereof, which will need to be adopted over the next few years in order to both secure long-term sustainability of the pension fund and provide more decent pensions. The major changes relate to the assessment percentage, with the aim towards equal treatment of men and women, which is a step in the right direction; the negotiating group quickly agreed on the assessment percentage to be 63.5 percent for persons who have 40 years of pensionable service. The new assessment percentage will have a favourable impact on all types of pensions, namely the old-age, early, disability, widow/widower''s, family and partial pensions, as well as the benefits under the disability insurance scheme and the part of widow/widower''s pension, thereby pursuing the goal of providing more decent pensions. Furthermore, the assessment percentage for 15 years of insurance, which is currently 26 percent for men and 29 percent for women, will be gradually raised to 29.5 percent. Other important changes include: an additional assessment percentage for the care of a maximum of three children; a decrease in the valuation of pensionable service without purchase for persons with more than 40 years of pensionable service from the current 4 percent to 3 percent per an additional year of pensionable service; and the introduction of the option for persons who have re-joined the pension scheme to be able to claim the 3 percent valuation for the duration of re-joining. As to the dual pensioner-and- -insured person status, a compromise was reached, allowing persons who have fulfilled old-age pension requirements to get 40 percent of their pension instead of the current 20 percent, limited, however, to a maximum of 3 years. Before adopting a new dual status arrangement, it is necessary to consider as many factors as possible that might affect such an arrangement. A gradual increase in pensionable age from 65 to 67 years for persons with 15 years of insurance is not included in the proposal for amendments. This issue will be discussed in the context of a reform of the pension and disability insurance scheme.
Keywords: proposal for amendments, assessment percentage, additional assessment percentage for child care, dual status, pensionable service without purchase
