Povzetek: Prispevek obravnava problematiko molka upravnih organov, kar avtorica postavi v širši javnopravni oziroma evropski kontekst razvoja dobre uprave. V tem okviru je opozorjeno na dileme, kot so prednosti in slabosti negativne ali pozitivne fikcije ob molku organa, oficialna devolucija, odškodninska odgovornost ter razlika med predpisanim in razumnim rokom. Navedenih je več sodnih odločb o teh vprašanjih. Izhodišče prispevka je, da je molk organa kljub instrukcijski naravi predpisanega roka za odločitev nezakonito ravnanje. V prispevku so analizirani statistični podatki upravnega ministrstva glede rokovnega (ne)delovanja slovenskih upravnih organov v zadnjih letih. Avtorica ugotavlja, da sta tako pravna ureditev z določenimi roki in modelom negativne fikcije kot praksa izvajanja teh pravil v Sloveniji v grobem ustrezni. Po drugi strani so skrb vzbujajoča odstopanja na ravni regulacije z nesorazmernim ali nedodelanim uvajanjem pozitivne fikcije, pa tudi na ravni izvrševanja v nekaterih resorjih, zlasti z ekscesno dolgimi postopki pri socialnih pravicah. Zato bodo v prihodnje potrebne izboljšave, vendar bolj na ravni organizacije dela in ozaveščanja uradnih oseb kot normativno.
Ključne besede: molk (upravnega) organa, negativna in pozitivna fikcija, predpisani in razumni roki odločanja, pravno varstvo
Title: Significance and Impacts of Silence in Administrative Procedures
Abstract: The paper addresses the problem of administrative silence, which the author places in the broader public law and European context of the development of good governance and good administration. In this framework, various dilemmas are addressed, such as the (dis)advantages of negative or positive in administrative silence, official devolution, liability for damages, and the difference between the prescribed and reasonable deadlines. A series of judgments on these issues are highlighted. In sum, the administrative silence, despite the instructional nature of the prescribed deadline for decision, is an illegal phenomenon. There are also analyses of the statistical data of the (in)activity of Slovenian administrative bodies in recent years according to the data of the Ministry of Public Administration. It is collectively noted that both the legal system with specific deadlines and the general model of negative fiction and the practice of implementing these rules in Slovenia are roughly adequate. On the other hand, there are concerns raised, both at the level of regulation with a disproportionate or incomplete introduction of a positive fiction in sector-specific statutes, as well as at the level of enforcement in some sectors, in particular by excessively long proceedings in social field. Therefore, in the future, there is a need to improve the situation, but rather in organisational terms and by increasing officials'' awareness than on the normative level.
Keywords: administrative silence, negative and positive fiction, prescribed and reasonable decision-making deadlines, legal protection
