Povzetek: Prispevek na kratko opiše različne oblike poslovnih modelov, ki jih uvrščamo pod koncepta sodelovalnega gospodarstva in delitvene ekonomije, nekatere poskuse opredelitve in razmejitve med njimi ter najbolj izpostavljena področja pravnih izzivov, povezanih s temi novimi poslovnimi modeli. Poudarjeno je, da so poslovni modeli delitvene ekonomije in sodelovalnega gospodarstva izziv za celo vrsto pravnih področij. Avtorica poudarja, da tako kot že leta ne moremo biti več zaprti samo v nacionalni pravni red, brez upoštevanja globalizacije, se v prihodnje ne bomo več mogli izogniti vplivu digitalizacije na pravo. Sodišče EU je v zadnjih mesecih že sprejelo odločitev v dveh zahtevah za predhodno odločanje o statusu Uberja po pravu EU, veliko več postopkov zoper to podjetje pa kot odziv na bes tradicionalnih taksističnih družb poteka pred različnimi forumi držav članic. Svetovni splet odpira zahtevna vprašanja, povezana z varstvom osebnih podatkov, varstvom potrošnikov, statusom delavca, davčnimi obvezami ipd. Avtorica sklene, da čeprav lahko za številna vprašanja uporabimo že obstoječa pravila, bomo za nekatera potrebovali hitro odzivno zakonodajo in sodišča, ki bodo razumela posebnosti novih poslovnih modelov.

Ključne besede: platformna ekonomija, Uber, Airbnb, evropska agenda, subsidiarnost, Sodišče EU, poštena konkurenca, trajnostni razvoj

Title: Collaborative and Sharing Economy: Concepts and a Need for a European Approach

Abstract: The paper briefly examines different forms of business models that are premised under the concept of collaborative economy and sharing economy, some endeavours to define and differentiate them, as well as the most exposed areas of legal challenges associated with these new business models. It is pointed out that the business models of sharing and collaborative economy challenge a whole range of areas of law. The author highlights that just as we can no longer be confined only in the national legal order, not taking into account globalisation, in the future we will no longer be able to avoid the impact of digitisation on the law. The EU Court of Justice has in recent months adopted judgments in two requests for a preliminary ruling on the status of Uber under EU law, and many other procedures against this company take place before different forums in Member States as a response to the fury of traditional taxi companies. The Internet raises challenging issues related to the protection of personal data, consumer protection, status of workers, duty to pay taxes etc. The author concludes that, although existing rules already apply to a number of questions, others require a quick and responsive legislation and courts with an understanding of the peculiarities of new business models.

Keywords: platform economy, Uber, Airbnb, European Agenda, subsidiarity, EU Court, fair competition, sustainable development